EU Leonardo da Vinci Programme
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n
1997, the research New competencies for
sustainable tourism in protected areas was carried out; it
was financed by the European Union in the framework of the "Leonardo
da Vinci Program". The objective of this program is to help
and complete the actions aimed at improving the quality
of job training policies, in order to identify new learning
methodologies. Four national teams
(Italy, France, Germany and Great Britain) took part in the research.
Its designing and central scientific coordination were guaranteed
by the University of Rome "La Sapienza", Sociology Department, Chair
of Environmental Sociology. At the basis of the research there are
the following expectations:
- Tourism will increase more and more its feature as a mass phenomenon
at a world-wide socio-economical system level;
- In the framework of tourist resources, a growing success of
environmental tourist resources will take place;
- The various types of protected areas will play a more and more
central role in the system of naturalistic-tourist offer.
A problem of intelligent management of tourist flows in the protected
areas has started for some time; this problem need the design and
implementation of adequate actions to consider tourist activities
as socio-economically desirable events and, simultaneously,
as actions characterized by no or low environmental impacts. This
last requisite needs a strong professionalization
process of all the operators working inside and around the
protected areas.
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This desirable prospect was the basis for the identification of
the following cognitive objectives:
- Highlight the professional functions that, in the context of
the European protected areas, may guarantee both the economical
and social development and a low environmental impact of tourist
and natural resources;
- Describe the specific competencies of these professional functions
that are asked by the society to carry out peculiar activities
such as the above-mentioned ones.
- A critical identification of the training needs coming out
from the definition of the above-mentioned professional functions.
- Give, in this way, a knowledge basis (it could be defined as
a pre-project basis) for the training project.
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The results of the various interviews carried out in Italy and in
Europe both by experts of tourism in the protected areas and by
visitors of these areas indicated that the park
directors, environmental education directors and rangers/
guides are the people with the largest responsibilities for
a correct tourist fruition. The processes needed to complete the
training of these professionals in a "tourist way" were defined.
From the professional profiles come out during the research, it
appears that training is not only based on some specific professional
competencies, but it also has to consider
psychological and sociological competencies
to allow the development, for instance, of communication
abilities and the capability
to work in group.
Moreover, the research allowed to highlight other professional functions
already working in the European park areas, such as local development
agents, marketing experts of the protected area, environmental designers
and managers of tourist impacts (traffic, transportation, etc) that
may give a very valuable contribution to develop a kind of tourism
with a low impact in our protected areas.
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Aspromonte N.P.: trekking
Gennargentu N.P.:
shepard's cabin
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- University of Rome "La Sapienza", Sociology Department (Italy);
- Eures (Germany);
- Uncpie (France);
- Cranfield University (United Kindom).
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Cilento N.P.: Punta Tresino:
ruins of a colonic house
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EU Leonardo da Vinci Programme |
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